Coqueluche: Sintomas, Causas e Tratamentos

What is whooping cough?

Whooping cough, also known as pertussis, is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. The bacteria attach to the cells of the respiratory system and release toxins that cause inflammation in the respiratory tract. The disease is characterized by a dry, intense cough that can last for weeks. It can affect people of all ages and requires special care, especially in infants and children

Transmission occurs through respiratory droplets expelled when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Therefore, early detection and isolation of infected individuals are essential to prevent the spread of whooping cough

Symptoms

Whooping cough develops in three distinct stages, with symptoms varying at each phase. Initial stage (catarrhal), lasts one to two weeks and often resembles a common cold:

runny nose
general malaise
low-grade fever
sneezing
mild and occasional cough that gradually worsens

Paroxysmal stage, lasts two to six weeks. This is the intermediate stage, where other signs appear:

intense and rapid coughing fits that may last for minutes
vomiting after coughing
extreme fatigue

Convalescent stage, can last for weeks or even months, with the main symptom being the gradual reduction of the cough

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of whooping cough is based on the patient’s symptoms and laboratory tests. Severe coughing fits are a strong indication of the disease. However, these symptoms may not be present in all cases, especially in infants and adults

Laboratory tests can confirm the presence of Bordetella pertussis. The most sensitive and specific test for diagnosing whooping cough is PCR (polymerase chain reaction). This test can detect the bacteria’s DNA in a sample taken from the back of the throat or the nose

Treatment

Treatment for whooping cough involves the use of antibiotics to eliminate the bacteria and reduce disease transmission. Measures such as rest, proper hydration, and correct use of prescribed medications to relieve symptoms are essential

It is important to keep the patient isolated until the treatment is completed to prevent the spread of the disease

Prevention

The most effective way to prevent whooping cough is through vaccination. The whooping cough vaccine is part of the childhood immunization schedule in Brazil. It is safe and has minimal side effects. It is administered in multiple doses during childhood, with the first dose usually given at two months of age, followed by additional doses.