Allergic Rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis is an inflammation of the inner parts of the nose (mucous membranes) caused by an allergic reaction. It is usually an exaggerated response of the body when it comes into contact with elements it identifies as foreign, such as dust, animal dander, perfumes, and pollen.
 

The symptoms of allergic rhinitis include:

• stuffy and runny nose (rhinorrhea)
• sneezing
• itchy nose
• difficulty or loss of the ability to smell (impaired sense of smell)

Eyes may become red, watery, and very itchy. The throat may also itch.
 

Allergic rhinitis is a disproportionate reaction of the immune system to environmental substances. The exact causes are not fully understood, but there may be a hereditary component and triggers that develop over time. People with asthma and atopic dermatitis are more likely to have allergic rhinitis.

The diagnosis of allergic rhinitis is usually made by a healthcare professional during a consultation, without the need for additional tests, by evaluating whether the patient may have other conditions with similar symptoms. Allergy tests, both skin and blood tests, may also be used in some cases.

Although there is no cure for allergic rhinitis, there are ways to ease the symptoms. One of the first steps is to identify the substances that trigger the allergy and avoid contact with them.

In addition, there are medications, such as nasal sprays and antihistamines, that can relieve symptoms or prevent flare-ups. Another option is allergy vaccines, which are used to reduce sensitivity to the factors that trigger rhinitis, potentially eliminating the need for medication. Both medications and vaccines should be prescribed by a healthcare professional and used in the recommended dosage.

Allergic rhinitis cannot be cured, but avoiding contact with triggers such as animal dander, mold, and dust can reduce flare-ups. Triggers vary from person to person. Generally, the condition accompanies the individual throughout life, with constant or variable manifestations over time.

Other practices that may help reduce allergic flare-ups include:

• cleaning the environment: keep the space where the allergic person stays well-ventilated, sunlit, and clean
• avoiding products that trigger symptoms: such as perfumes, cosmetics, and cleaning products
• using a damp cloth for cleaning: avoid using brooms and dusters, which can spread dust into the air
• drinking water: especially after spending a long time in air-conditioned environments
• washing bed linens frequently: ideally, sheets, pillowcases, and blankets should be washed once a week
• avoiding close contact with pets: also avoid letting them on furniture or beds
• not using dust-collecting items in home decor: such as curtains, rugs, and cushions

Ministry of Health (Brazil)

Asthma: a respiratory disease that causes the airways (bronchi) to become inflamed and narrowed [...]

Sinusitis: an inflammatory process affecting the inner lining (mucosa) of the sinuses [...]

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): a disease that causes the lungs to become blocked or compressed, making it difficult to breathe [...]

By Einstein Editorial Board