What is atrial fibrillation?

Atrial fibrillation is the most common type of cardiac arrhythmia. In the upper part of the heart, the atria beat irregularly, impairing blood pumping. This condition predisposes individuals to complications such as stroke and heart failure.

Symptoms

Some patients with atrial fibrillation are asymptomatic. However, when symptoms do appear, they generally include palpitations, chest discomfort, shortness of breath, difficulty exercising, and a feeling of faintness.

Causes

Factors such as high blood pressure, sleep apnea, and excessive alcohol consumption can trigger atrial fibrillation. Sometimes, the cause is unknown.

Diagnosis

Atrial fibrillation is diagnosed through an electrocardiogram or a Holter monitor, which is useful for prolonged monitoring. Additional tests, such as an echocardiogram, help clarify the cause and support treatment decisions.

Prevention

Controlling blood pressure and weight, exercising regularly, and limiting caffeine and alcohol intake are measures that reduce the risk of developing atrial fibrillation.

Treatment

Medications help control atrial fibrillation. Electrical cardioversion and ablation are recommended in specific cases. Anticoagulants may also be prescribed to prevent stroke and thrombosis.

Duration

Atrial fibrillation may resolve quickly or become chronic, depending on the degree of structural involvement of the atria.

Is it contagious?

Atrial fibrillation is not contagious.

Can it occur more than once?

Even with proper treatment, some patients experience recurrent atrial fibrillation. Therefore, ongoing medical follow-up is essential.

By Einstein Editorial Board