Brugada Syndrome
Einstein Health Glossary
ICD 10 - I49
What is Brugada Syndrome?
Brugada Syndrome is a genetic condition, more common in males, characterized by ST-segment elevation in certain electrocardiogram leads (V1-V2) and an increased risk of severe ventricular arrhythmias.
Causes
The disease is caused by genetic alterations in certain ion channels (structures that control the flow of electrical currents across cell membranes) of the heart.
Symptoms
In most cases, there are no symptoms. However, palpitations, fainting, agonal nocturnal breathing, and cardiac arrest may occur.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is made through an electrocardiogram. Sometimes, an intravenous drug challenge (with ajmaline) is needed to confirm the disease. Electrophysiological studies and genetic testing can also help determine the diagnosis and prognosis of the syndrome.
Treatment
In asymptomatic patients, clinical monitoring is sufficient. In those with fainting or cardiac arrest, a defibrillator is the recommended treatment. In very specific cases, catheter ablation may help control the episodes.
Prevention
Patients with Brugada Syndrome should avoid certain types of medications (antiarrhythmics, antidepressants) that may trigger arrhythmic episodes. It is also important to manage fever promptly, as elevated body temperature can promote the onset of episodes.