Diphtheria
Einstein Health Glossary
ICD 10 - A36
What is Diphtheria?
Diphtheria is a potentially serious infection caused by a bacterium. It mainly affects the tonsils, pharynx, larynx, and nose. Since it can be easily prevented through vaccination, it is now rare in countries with immunization programs, such as Brazil.
Symptoms
O principal siThe main symptom of diphtheria is the presence of grayish-white patches in the throat, which make breathing difficult. Other symptoms include sore throat, fever, and swelling in the affected area. It can also affect the skin and mucous membranes of the body.
Causes
Diphtheria is caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It can be transmitted through direct contact with droplets or lesions from infected individuals.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of diphtheria is made based on the evaluation of symptoms and tests that detect the presence of the bacterium in throat secretions or skin lesions.
Prevention Method
Vaccination is the most effective method of prevention against diphtheria. In Brazil, it is available free of charge through the public health system.
Treatment
Treatment for diphtheria involves an antitoxin to neutralize the toxin produced by the bacterium and antibiotics to control the infection.
Duration
Symptoms of diphtheria appear two to five days after exposure, and the disease remains transmissible for an average of two weeks. Treatment may take several weeks.
Is it contagious?
Diphtheria can be transmitted through coughing, sneezing, or contact with skin lesions of infected individuals.
Can it be contracted more than once?
Unvaccinated individuals can contract diphtheria more than once. Vaccine boosters should be administered according to vaccination programs and medical recommendations.