Herpes zoster
Einstein Health Glossary
ICD 10 - B02
What is herpes zoster?
Herpes zoster, also known as shingles, is a reactivation of the chickenpox (varicella) virus, which causes painful vesicular skin lesions. This usually occurs with aging or due to weakened immunity.
Symptoms
Herpes zoster causes a painful skin lesion, distributed like a band of blisters on one side of the body. The trunk is the most affected area, but the face and limbs can also be involved. In some cases, the pain may persist even after the lesion has healed, a condition known as postherpetic neuralgia.
Causes
Anyone who has been infected with the varicella virus can develop herpes zoster. Aging and other conditions that affect immunity, such as HIV infection or autoimmune diseases, can increase this risk.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of herpes zoster is made by a doctor through clinical evaluation and examination of the skin lesions.
Prevention Method
Receiving the chickenpox vaccine in childhood or the herpes zoster vaccine in adulthood minimizes the risk of developing the condition. Maintaining healthy lifestyle habits, such as regular physical activity and stress management, also benefits a strong immune system.
Treatment
Treatment for herpes zoster includes intensive pain management and antiviral medications that combat the varicella virus. When areas such as the eyes or ears are affected, additional therapies may be necessary. Early treatment reduces the risk of complications.
Duration
In most cases, within about seven to ten days, the blisters will have formed a crust, and the discomfort disappears. However, in some cases, pain may persist even after the lesion has healed, a condition known as postherpetic neuralgia.
Is it contagious?
The highest risk of herpes zoster transmission is through contact with the infected area, as the active virus is present in the lesions.
Can it occur more than once?
Although uncommon, herpes zoster can occur more than once. This happens because even when symptoms disappear, the virus can remain dormant in the body and reactivate, especially in cases of weakened immunity.