What is lateral epicondylitis?

Lateral epicondylitis, or tennis elbow as it is popularly called, is defined as a degeneration (tendinopathy) of the tendons that originate in the elbow and primarily affects the extensor muscles of the wrist and fingers.

The most commonly affected tendon is usually that of the extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle.

Causes

The performance of intense and repetitive efforts mainly by the extensor muscles of the wrist - overloading them, can lead to the development of lateral epicondylitis.

Teachers, journalists, writers, dentists, and athletes, due to the nature of their work, are among the most affected by this type of pathology.

Symptoms

Generally, lateral epicondylitis begins as a mild painful sensation on the outer side of the elbow that radiates along the forearm.

Over time and constant overload from repetitive efforts, the affected area becomes painful even to the simple touch, and the pain can spread from the elbow to the wrist. Lifting objects, especially with the forearm extended, becomes extremely painful.

A feeling of weakness and muscle stiffness also usually forms part of this condition. Rotational gestures, such as turning a doorknob, become impossible.

Diagnosis

Lateral epicondylitis is usually diagnosed, based on the patient's history and physical examination at the time of consultation.

Imaging exams (X-rays or magnetic resonance imaging) can be useful to rule out other diagnostic possibilities, such as the presence of a fracture or arthritis.

Treatment

To perform daily activities and return to professional and sports activities, it is essential to seek treatment. The evaluation of an orthopedist can rule out the possibility of other diseases and indicate the best way to treat epicondylitis.

Initially, the disease is treated conservatively, through the use of anti-inflammatory and analgesic medication and physical therapy sessions.

A break from activities that cause overload on the limb may also be necessary. Surgical intervention is usually indicated only for cases where there is no progressive improvement with conservative treatment.

Prevention

Avoiding activities that require repetitive movements of the wrist and fingers can help prevent lateral epicondylitis. However, as many professional activities are performed precisely through the systematic execution of the same movement (as in the case of manicurists, seamstresses, computer users, and some athletes, such as tennis players and golfers), stretching muscles and tendons, taking small breaks to rest the area, and exercises to strengthen the forearm muscles —and thus reduce the pressure on the hands and wrist— usually help to prevent the development of epicondylitis.

Incidence in Brazil

It is estimated that between 1 and 3% of people in Brazil are affected by lateral epicondylitis.

By Einstein Editorial Board