Long QT Syndrome

What is Long QT Syndrome?

It is a genetic disorder characterized by an abnormal prolongation of a measurement on the electrocardiogram called the QT interval. It results from abnormalities in the potassium or sodium channels of the heart and can lead to severe arrhythmias in young and otherwise healthy individuals.

Causes

The disease is caused by genetic alterations in certain ion channels (structures that control the flow of electrical currents across cell membranes) of the heart.

Symptoms

Often, it causes no symptoms, but it can lead to fainting and, in more severe cases, cardiac arrest.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is based on clinical features and electrocardiogram findings. Genetic testing may be necessary in some cases.

Treatment

Treatment may involve medications or the implantation of a defibrillator.

Prevention

In some forms of the disease, intense physical exercise should be avoided. Caution is also needed with the use of certain medications (antiarrhythmics, antiemetics, antidepressants, antibiotics) that can trigger episodes of tachycardia in these patients.

By Einstein Editorial Board