Norovirus
Einstein Health Glossary
ICD 10 - A08
What is norovirus?
Norovirus is an RNA virus with a single species, but it is divided into five subtypes, named GI to GV. After the development of the rotavirus vaccine, noroviruses became the most common cause of infectious diarrhea worldwide. The disease typically occurs in winter in countries with well-defined seasons. In Brazil, this pattern is not as clear.
Symptoms
The disease has a short incubation period, between 12 and 48 hours after contact. A very small number of virus particles can cause infection. The illness usually begins with nausea and vomiting, followed by diarrhea. In some cases, only diarrhea occurs, which can be intense and may require enteral or parenteral hydration.
Transmission
Transmission occurs through oral-fecal contact or from person to person. The disease is extremely contagious. When it spreads in a closed community, it can cause outbreaks, for example, on cruise ships.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is made through immunological tests or PCR testing, with PCR being more accurate and sensitive.
Treatment
There is no specific treatment: only the symptoms are treated. The disease rarely leads to more serious consequences, but it can be fatal due to dehydration.
Prevention
The best prevention is hygiene, especially handwashing. Alcohol-based hand sanitizer helps prevent transmission, as does soap and water, provided hands are thoroughly washed. Sanitation measures also help, and food handler hygiene is essential to prevent outbreaks.