Pleural Diseases

The pleura is a thin layer of tissue that lines the lungs (visceral pleura) and the inner wall of the chest (parietal pleura). In healthy individuals, there is a constant flow of fluid between these two thin layers. However, pleural diseases can lead to an abnormal accumulation of fluid between the pleurae, known as pleural effusion. The most common causes of pleural effusion include: tuberculosis, cancer, and pneumonia.

Pleural Effusion

Pleural effusion is the excessive accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (between the lung and the ribs).

VATS – Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery can be performed to treat this condition in the following ways:

• by removing thickened fluid or fibrous tissue that prevents lung expansion, and applying substances that reduce fluid buildup
• ​​by inserting small drainage tubes

These procedures allow the lung to return to its normal position and help reduce respiratory symptoms.

Pneumothorax

Pneumothorax occurs when air escapes into or enters the pleural space (between the lung and the ribs), causing a partial or complete collapse of the lung.

VATS – Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery is performed to treat and prevent the recurrence of this condition, especially when a previous treatment with pleural drainage is insufficient.
 

During the procedure:

• a small upper portion of the lung containing air “bubbles” is removed
• a local inflammatory reaction is induced to promote adhesion between the lung and the chest wall — a procedure known as pleurodesis

By Einstein Editorial Board