Retinoblastoma
Einstein Health Glossary
ICD 10 - C69.2
What is retinoblastoma?
Retinoblastoma is a rare type of cancer that affects the retina, the membrane lining the inner wall of the eyes that transmits visual information to the brain. It can occur in one or both eyes, usually during childhood.
Symptoms
Retinoblastoma is most common in children under 2 years old. In most cases, parents only suspect a problem when a white reflex appears in the pupil, often noticeable in flash photographs. The eyes may point in different directions (strabismus), and the child may have difficulty seeing.
Causes
The main cause of retinoblastoma is genetic factors. It is estimated that people with a family history of this condition have a higher risk of passing it on to their children.
Diagnosis
Retinoblastoma may be suspected during routine exams by a pediatrician or ophthalmologist. To confirm the diagnosis, additional tests are requested.
Prevention
There is no way to prevent retinoblastoma, but early diagnosis is possible through the red reflex test and routine eye exams, especially up to 5 years of age.
Treatment
Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and laser treatment are among the options for retinoblastoma. Surgery to remove the affected eye may be necessary.
Duration
The duration of retinoblastoma varies depending on the size and location of the tumor. If left untreated, the cancer continues to grow and may spread to other organs, reducing the chances of a cure.
Is it contagious?
Retinoblastoma is not a contagious disease.
Can it occur more than once?
Although uncommon, it is possible to have retinoblastoma in one eye and, after recovery, develop it in the other.