Rheumatic fever
Einstein Health Glossary
ICD 10 - I00-I02
What is rheumatic fever?
Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that generally results from a bacterial tonsillitis caused by streptococcus that was inadequately treated. It causes inflammation, especially in the heart, blood vessels, and joints.
Symptoms
Rheumatic fever causes inflammation, especially in the heart, blood vessels, and joints. The main symptoms are fever and swollen, tender, and very painful joints. When it affects the heart, fatigue, shortness of breath, and arrhythmia may occur. There is a risk of complications and death.
Causes
Rheumatic fever is generally the result of a bacterial tonsillitis episode caused by streptococcus that was not properly treated.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of rheumatic fever is clinical, based on the patient’s symptoms and medical history. Additional tests may be requested to confirm the suspicion.
Prevention Method
Preventing rheumatic fever involves properly treating streptococcal throat infections. This treatment is done with antibiotics.
Treatment
Treatment for rheumatic fever includes antibiotics and anti-inflammatory medications. The duration depends on the severity of the heart damage, and interrupting treatment may cause irreversible harm.
Duration
Rheumatic fever occurs in outbreaks, with an undetermined duration, and may last a lifetime. It is most common between the ages of 5 and 15, although it can occur at any age.
Can it be contracted more than once?
Rheumatic fever requires continuous follow-up after diagnosis. It is contracted only once, but may manifest through sporadic outbreaks over the years.