What is vaginal candidiasis?
Vaginal candidiasis is the inflammation and infection of the vulva and vagina caused by a fungus of the genus Candida. This fungus already exists in small amounts in the woman's body and usually remains in balance with the vaginal flora. However, situations that lower immunity, for example, can increase the risk of vaginal candidiasis. Fortunately, there are prevention and treatment methods available.
Symptoms
The main signs and symptoms of vaginal candidiasis are:
- Itching in the vulva and vagina
- Redness in the area
- White, lumpy discharge, usually odorless
In some situations, there may also be a burning sensation when urinating and pain during sexual intercourse. Symptoms are usually more present in the week before menstruation.
Causes
The most frequent fungus in candidiasis is Candida albicans, responsible for more than 80% of cases. The disease can occur due to some imbalance in the patient's vaginal flora. Risk factors include:
- Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
- Use of antibiotics to treat another infection
- Use of corticosteroids
- Increased estrogen levels due to the use of combined birth control pills or pregnancy
- Obesity
- Contact with allergenic and/or irritating substances, such as powders, perfumes, soaps, and intimate deodorants
- Wearing clothing that increases moisture and heat in the area
- Alterations in immune response (immunodeficiency)
Diagnosis
The diagnosis can be made based on the patient's history and gynecological exams that clearly show the presence of a white, curd-like secretion, characteristic of candidiasis. Confirmatory identification can also be performed by searching for fungi in the vaginal secretion. Candidiasis is considered recurrent when the woman has four or more episodes within 12 months.
Treatment
The treatment of vaginal candidiasis involves the use of antifungal medications. It is important to consult a physician before starting any treatment to confirm the diagnosis, as the symptoms of candidiasis can be similar to those of other vaginal infections.
Prevention
Prevention of candidiasis can be done by controlling clinical diseases, such as diabetes, for example.
In addition, maintaining intimate hygiene is essential. For this, the external genital area can be washed with warm water and a neutral, fragrance-free soap. It is important to avoid the use of scented intimate hygiene products, vaginal douches, or harsh soaps.
References
Diretoria de Vigilância Epidemiológica – Governo de Santa Catarina
Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde
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