Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Einstein Health Glossary

ICD 10 - F90.0

What is ADHD?

ADHD, short for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a condition that begins in childhood, usually before the age of 12, and may persist into adolescence and adulthood. Its exact cause is still unknown, but it may be related to genetic inheritance and environmental influences, such as the gestational period and early childhood.

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Symptoms

ADHD symptoms can vary from person to person and may present differently in children, adolescents, and adults. In general, the main signs fall into the following categories, and each individual may present all or only some of them:

inattention
hyperactivity
impulsivity

Diagnosis

ADHD diagnosis usually involves a multidisciplinary evaluation and may include a pediatric neurologist, neurologist, psychiatrist, and neuropsychologist. The assessment considers symptoms, medical history, and the individual’s behavior at home, school, or work. Medical tests may also be requested to rule out other conditions with similar symptoms.

To complement the evaluation, specialists often use ADHD rating scales—questionnaires completed by parents, teachers, and in some cases, the patient. These tools help assess the frequency and intensity of symptoms by comparing them to established standards. One of the most commonly used is the Conners Scale, which evaluates hyperactivity and emotional difficulties. The use of these tools, along with a detailed medical evaluation, is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

ADHD in Children and Adolescents

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder can be diagnosed at any age, but the earlier it is identified, the better the chances for the child or adolescent to receive proper support and develop strategies to manage symptoms. ADHD symptoms in children usually appear before age 12 and can impact school performance, relationships, and family life.

Treatment for children and adolescents may include medication, therapy, psychological support, and school assistance. Stimulant medications may be used to help with attention and hyperactivity control. Additionally, creating structured routines, reinforcing positive behaviors, and encouraging activities like sports and arts can positively impact the child’s well-being. Since ADHD symptoms can resemble those of other conditions, accurate diagnosis and regular follow-up are important.

Parents and caregivers: More information is available on the Einstein Mental Health and Wellness Center page:

Treatment

ADHD treatment may involve a combination of medication, behavioral therapy, lifestyle adjustments, and educational or professional support, depending on the patient’s age and symptom severity. The goal is to help the patient develop strategies to better manage daily challenges. Key treatment approaches include:

psychotherapy: teaches techniques for organization, impulse control, and self-esteem improvement
lifestyle changes: structured routines, visual reminders, and physical activities help manage symptoms
ADHD medications: stimulants (methylphenidate, amphetamines) and non-stimulants (atomoxetine, antidepressants) may be prescribed under medical guidance

Treatment should be tailored to each patient’s needs, aiming to support academic, professional, and social performance.

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Prevention

There is no definitive way to prevent ADHD, but some measures can help reduce risk factors and support healthy development. Proper prenatal care is essential, as alcohol, tobacco, or drug use during pregnancy can affect the baby’s development. Additionally, caring for a child’s health from an early age—with medical follow-up, balanced nutrition, a stable family environment, and good learning conditions—can help minimize difficulties associated with the disorder.

Frequently Asked Questions about ADHD

What is ADHD?

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurobiological condition characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that can affect a person’s academic, professional, and social life.

At the Einstein Mental Health and Wellness Center, specialized professionals assess and offer individualized care plans tailored to each person’s needs.

Can ADHD be diagnosed at any age?

Yes. Although symptoms usually appear before age 12, diagnosis can occur in childhood, adolescence, or even adulthood. Since symptoms may resemble those of other conditions, accurate diagnosis and regular follow-up are essential.

How is ADHD diagnosed?

Diagnosis is made by medical specialists such as neurologists, psychiatrists, and pediatric neurologists, based on symptom analysis, clinical history, and may include specific questionnaires completed by family members, teachers, or the patient. The Einstein Mental Health and Wellness Center is a dedicated mental health facility with professionals specialized in various psychiatric disorders.

What conditions can be mistaken for ADHD?

Some conditions, such as anxiety disorders, depression, learning difficulties, sleep problems, autism spectrum disorders, and even hearing or vision issues, may present similar symptoms.

Is there a cure for ADHD?

No, but proper treatment can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

What are the main treatments for ADHD?

Treatment may include psychotherapy, lifestyle changes, and, in some cases, the use of stimulant or non-stimulant medications, as prescribed by a doctor. A multidisciplinary and personalized approach to diagnosis and treatment is offered by the Einstein Mental Health and Wellness Center.

Can ADHD be treated without medication?

Yes, treatment may include behavioral therapy, social skills training, educational support, and lifestyle adjustments, depending on the patient’s needs.

What can parents do to help a child with ADHD?

Creating structured routines, reinforcing positive behaviors, encouraging physical activities, and maintaining clear and organized communication are strategies that can help. To learn more, parents and guardians can [click here] to contact the Einstein Mental Health and Wellness Center.

Can ADHD be prevented?

There is no definitive way to prevent ADHD, but certain precautions can reduce the risks. Having a healthy pregnancy—avoiding smoking, alcohol, and drugs—and providing a structured and nurturing environment during childhood are factors that may help.

What does the Einstein Mental Health and Wellness Center offer, and how can it be accessed?

The center offers specialized care for ADHD and other mental health conditions, such as:

childhood and adolescent disorders
psychotic disorders
impulse control issues, such as substance use, internet addiction, or pathological gambling
mood disorders, including Depression and Bipolar Disorder
anxiety disorders

In addition to offices for psychological, psychiatric, and complementary therapy services, the Einstein Mental Health and Wellness Center features spacious and modern facilities, including a playroom for childcare, a group therapy room, a nursing station, and individual medication rooms.

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